Hi.
As you are in partnership, you can have partnership agreement/deed prepare, and get it registered.
1) in partnership you have to file ITR 5, in partnership , your friend any easily proof the source of income and
whatever the profit you received from partnership firm after tax is not taxable in the hands of the partner.
2) it is better to open a current account where all the business income comes in and it is beneficial/ manadatory to maintain separate bank account for professional and personal income and expense.
3) yes, you can have assets to run a profession/ business , it will be proportionately charge to your business income depending its use in profession and personal usage.
4) it is important to have all the account properly maintain, in case any scrutiny comes up. you need to maintain document proof for all the expenses and income.
if you are eligible to opt for presumptive tax under section 44AD, then there is no need to maintain books of account. and your income from your business would be assume to be 8% of gross total income. assuming all the expenses being taken care of.
if your expenses are less you can opt for this section.
5) yes your are required to.
6) yes, you can deduct proportionately.
7) if you are filing return in individual capacity then you need to file ITR 4, and can claim 1.5 lac deduction under section 80 c,. and after including all other income from different sources, you need to calculate tax liability.
again i would suggest if there is partner you better go for partnership and file return as partnership, tax rate for partnership is 30%
it will be difficult for your partner to prove the source of income which you will transfer to him, if otherwise you are giving him as salary or consultant (after taking care of TDS amount, PT, any other statutory liability)
8) depending on the option you choose (yes , you can claim deduction under 80c by investing whole amount in PPF)
9) as told above it is better to keep all the expense and income document in record atleast for 8 financial years.
10) there is no need to attach document proof with ITR.
11) you are suppose to pay advance tax as given below
Advance Tax : Installments & Due Dates w.e.f. 01.04.2016 for all assessees
Due Date Advance Tax Installment Amount
15th June At least 15% of Tax on total income for the year.
15th September At least 45% of Tax on total income for the year less advance tax already paid.
15th December At least 75% of Tax on total income for the year less advance tax already paid.
15th March 100% of Tax on total income for the year less advance tax already paid.
for any further query you can also reach me at agarwalvishakha23@gmail.com